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Cloudiness to Eye - Light through Cataract Surgery

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The lens of our eye refracts light rays that come into the eye by which we can see. If you there is cataract, then the lens become cloudy and the vision will be blurry, hazy or less colorful. To remove and replace the lens with an artificial one i.e. intraocular lens (IOL), the cataract surgery is performed. But the lens may be become cloudy again after the surgery. This is known as posterior capsular opacification (PCO). It's also called scar tissue or secondary cataract.


According to JOEL HUNTER, MD in his article ‘On Wisdom and Cataracts’ – “The way the lens inside the eye is designed, continues to grow with age, and since it’s in a closed capsule the new layers that are forming in the lens each year compress the older ones deeper down. This is the reason that no person has an eye that can see both distance and near after a certain age (usually between 42 and 48). And it is also the reason that the lens develops a yellow tint to it in the 40s that becomes increasingly cloudy over time.”
Cataracts in children are also common. Bilateral congenital cataract is the most common cause of treatable childhood blindness. Intraocular lens implantation can be performed safely in children older than 1 year. Anterior dry vitrectomy is recommended in preschool children to avoid after-cataract. In the study named ‘Cataract surgery in eyes with early cataracts’ evaluates that after surgery, 62% of patients judged their vision to be greatly improved, 32% judged it improved, 6% judged it unchanged and thus conclude that cataract surgery can benefit eyes with limited visual impairment if the surgery is uncomplicated and IOL power is calculated correctly.
Another study named ‘An in vitro cataract model for practice of cataract surgery’ shows the development of an in vitro cataract model using enucleated animal eyes. A cataract is produced by immersing the enucleated eyes in hypertonic sodium chloride solution for one hour and re-incubating them for another hour in normal saline solution. The model is useful for practicing various techniques of cataract extraction.
Microincisions in cataract surgery involves improvements in phacoemulsification technology and instrumentation and intraocular lens materials and design have enabled cataract surgery to be performed through incisions smaller than 2.0 mm in external width. The goal is to help the operating surgeon recognize the potential benefits as well as the potential weaknesses of the smaller incision. For the ‘Treatment of traumatic cataracts’, a study of 148 eyes were done where most eyes with traumatic cataract were safely rehabilitated with posterior chamber lens implantation. Visual acuity improved in 90% of eyes; complications were seen in 15%.
As the complications increase, WHO estimates that by 2020, 32 million cataract operations will be performed, up from 12 million in 2000. Dr. Alió said that each country faces challenges based on the increasing need for cataract surgery in Europe.

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